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Francois Gipouloux (CNRS). “Maritime trade expansion in late Ming China”
Francois Gipouloux (CNRS). “Maritime trade expansion in late Ming China”
Maritime trade during the late Ming was characterised by the intermingling of tributary trade, private trade and piracy. The establishment of the ban on maritime trade (海禁 haijin) gave way to a scarcity of goods entering China and to a great profitability of smuggling activities. While the ban on maritime trade never succeded in eliminating […]